COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) refers to a group of lung diseases that make breathing difficult and worsen over time. The airways and air sacs in your lungs are normally elastic or stretchy. The airways transport air to the air sacs when you breathe in. Like small balloons, the air sacs fill with air. When you exhale, the air sacs deflate, and the air escapes. Because of one or more problems, less air flows into and out of your airways if you have COPD. The airways and air sacs in your lungs become less elastic; the walls between many of the air sacs are destroyed; the airway walls thicken and become inflamed, and the airways produce more mucus than usual and can become clogged. COPD is classified into two types. Emphysema affects both the air sacs and the walls between them in your lungs. They become damaged and lose elasticity. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by an irritated and inflamed airway lining. The lining swells and produces mucus as a result of this. Most people with COPD have both emphysema and chronic bronchitis, but the severity of each varies from person to person.
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